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  2. Essay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essay

    In the dialectic form of the essay, which is commonly used in philosophy, the writer makes a thesis and argument, then objects to their own argument (with a counterargument), but then counters the counterargument with a final and novel argument. This form benefits from presenting a broader perspective while countering a possible flaw that some ...

  3. Argumentation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_theory

    A conclusion whose merit must be established. In argumentative essays, it may be called the thesis. [23] For example, if a person tries to convince a listener that he is a British citizen, the claim would be "I am a British citizen" (1). Ground (Fact, Evidence, Data) A fact one appeals to as a foundation for the claim.

  4. Thesis statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis_statement

    A thesis statement is a statement of one's core argument, the main idea(s), and/or a concise summary of an essay, research paper, etc. [1] It is usually expressed in one or two sentences near the beginning of a paper, and may be reiterated elsewhere, such as in the conclusion.

  5. Schaffer method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaffer_method

    The essay is to consist of an introduction three or more sentences long and containing a thesis statement, a conclusion incorporating all the writer's commentary and bringing the essay to a close, and two or three body paragraphs; Schaffer herself preferred to teach a four-paragraph essay rather than the traditional five-paragraph essay.

  6. Argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument

    For example, if A. Plato was mortal, and B. Socrates was like Plato in other respects, then asserting that C. Socrates was mortal is an example of argument by analogy because the reasoning employed in it proceeds from a particular truth in a premise (Plato was mortal) to a similar particular truth in the conclusion, namely that Socrates was mortal.

  7. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Divine fallacy (argument from incredulity) – arguing that, because something is so phenomenal or amazing, it must be the result of superior, divine, alien or paranormal agency. [20] Double counting – counting events or occurrences more than once in probabilistic reasoning, which leads to the sum of the probabilities of all cases exceeding ...

  8. Rhetorical modes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetorical_modes

    Exposition and argument tend to prevail. [11] Exactly the same guidelines that hold for a descriptive or narrative essay can be used for the descriptive or narrative paragraph. That is, such a paragraph should be vivid, precise, and climactic, so that the details add up to something more than random observations. [12] Examples include: Journal ...

  9. Argument map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_map

    A sample argument using objections. Some argument mapping conventions allow for perspicuous representation of inferences. [12] In the following diagram, box 2.1 represents an inference, labeled with the inference rule modus ponens. [12] An argument map with 'modus ponens' in the inference box. An inference can be the target of an objection.