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The Cormack–Lehane system classifies views obtained by direct laryngoscopy based on the structures seen. It was initially described by R.S. Cormack and J. Lehane in 1984 as a way of simulating potential scenarios that trainee anaesthetists might face. [1] A modified version that subdivided Grade 2 was initially described in 1998. [2]
In anesthesia, the Mallampati score or Mallampati classification, named after the Indian anaesthesiologist Seshagiri Mallampati, is used to predict the ease of endotracheal intubation. [1] The test comprises a visual assessment of the distance from the tongue base to the roof of the mouth, and therefore the amount of space in which there is to ...
Many classification systems have been developed in an effort to predict difficulty of tracheal intubation, including the Cormack-Lehane classification system, [74] the Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS), [75] and the Mallampati score. [76]
"The most useful modification is a subclassification of grade 3 into 3a when the epiglottis can be lifted from the posterior pharyngeal wall and 3b when it cannot be lifted." Indeed this is true, and in fact, it is more important whether the epiglottis can be lifted or not, rather than the vocal cords or arithenoids are fully seen (2a/2b)
The Simplified Airway Risk Index (SARI), or El-Ganzouri Risk Index (EGRI), is a multivariate risk score thought to estimate the risk of difficult tracheal intubation. The SARI score ranges from 0 to 12 points, where a higher number of points indicates a more difficult airway. A SARI score of 4 or above is thought to indicate a difficult ...
A laryngeal mask airway has an airway tube that connects to an elliptical mask with a cuff. The cuff can either be an inflating type (achieved after insertion using a syringe of air), or self-sealing. [citation needed] A laryngeal mask airway must first be completely sterilised (it may be reused many times). [1]
Common methods of assessing difficult airways include a Mallampati score, Cormack-Lehane classification, thyromental distance, degree of mouth opening, neck range of motion, body habitus, and malocclusion (underbite or overbite). A recent Cochrane systematic review examines the sensitivity and specificity of the various bedside tests commonly ...
The lower respiratory tract or lower airway is derived from the developing foregut and consists of the trachea, bronchi (primary, secondary and tertiary), bronchioles (including terminal and respiratory), and lungs (including alveoli). [7]