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The Grothendieck construction (named after Alexander Grothendieck) is a construction used in the mathematical field of category theory. It is a fundamental construction in the theory of descent , in the theory of stacks , and in fibred category theory .
Some students studying math may develop an apprehension or fear about their performance in the subject. This is known as math anxiety or math phobia, and is considered the most prominent of the disorders impacting academic performance. Math anxiety can develop due to various factors such as parental and teacher attitudes, social stereotypes ...
Angle trisection is the construction, using only a straightedge and a compass, of an angle that is one-third of a given arbitrary angle. This is impossible in the general case. For example, the angle 2 π /5 radians (72° = 360°/5) can be trisected, but the angle of π /3 radians (60°) cannot be trisected. [8]
The first construction is due to Erchinger, a few years after Gauss's work. The first explicit constructions of a regular 257-gon were given by Magnus Georg Paucker (1822) [5] and Friedrich Julius Richelot (1832). [6] A construction for a regular 65537-gon was first given by Johann Gustav Hermes (1894). The construction is very complex; Hermes ...
An axiomatic definition of the real numbers consists of defining them as the elements of a complete ordered field. [2] [3] [4] This means the following: The real numbers form a set, commonly denoted , containing two distinguished elements denoted 0 and 1, and on which are defined two binary operations and one binary relation; the operations are called addition and multiplication of real ...
The concrete details of a given construction may be messy, but if the construction satisfies a universal property, one can forget all those details: all there is to know about the construction is already contained in the universal property. Proofs often become short and elegant if the universal property is used rather than the concrete details.