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In logic, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language consists of words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according to a specific set of rules called a formal grammar. The alphabet of a formal language consists of symbols, letters, or tokens that concatenate into strings called words. [1]
Rudolph Carnap defined the meaning of the adjective formal in 1934 as follows: "A theory, a rule, a definition, or the like is to be called formal when no reference is made in it either to the meaning of the symbols (for example, the words) or to the sense of the expressions (e.g. the sentences), but simply and solely to the kinds and order of the symbols from which the expressions are ...
This is a list of formal language and literal string topics, by Wikipedia page. Formal languages. Abstract syntax tree; Backus-Naur form; Categorial grammar;
C. Categorial grammar; Chomsky hierarchy; Chomsky normal form; Chomsky–Schützenberger enumeration theorem; Chomsky–Schützenberger representation theorem
A common variation on the standard Fill-In is using numbers, instead of specific words, sometimes called "cross numbers". [1] [8] In this puzzle, the entries could be listed as the number, a mathematical expression, or even an important year. [8] A more complex variation on the Fill-In is the "diagramless" Fill-In, where the grid is initially ...
The Chomsky hierarchy in the fields of formal language theory, computer science, and linguistics, is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars. A formal grammar describes how to form strings from a language's vocabulary (or alphabet) that are valid according to the language's syntax.
The definition of success in a given cloze test varies, depending on the broader goals behind the exercise. Assessment may depend on whether the exercise is objective (i.e. students are given a list of words to use in a cloze) or subjective (i.e. students are to fill in a cloze with words that would make a given sentence grammatically correct).
Formal language theory, the discipline that studies formal grammars and languages, is a branch of applied mathematics. Its applications are found in theoretical computer science, theoretical linguistics, formal semantics, mathematical logic, and other areas. A formal grammar is a set of rules for rewriting strings, along with a "start symbol ...