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A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+.The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table.
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.
The standard enthalpy of formation is measured in units of energy per amount of substance, usually stated in kilojoule per mole (kJ mol −1), but also in kilocalorie per mole, joule per mole or kilocalorie per gram (any combination of these units conforming to the energy per mass or amount guideline).
In generic terms, electrochemical potential is the mechanical work done in bringing 1 mole of an ion from a standard state to a specified concentration and electrical potential. According to the IUPAC definition, [4] it is the partial molar Gibbs energy of the substance at the specified electric potential, where the substance is in a specified ...
[10]: 90–1 In aqueous solution, the alkali metal ions exist as octahedral hexahydrate complexes [M(H 2 O) 6] +, with the exception of the lithium ion, which due to its small size forms tetrahedral tetrahydrate complexes [Li(H 2 O) 4] +; the alkali metals form these complexes because their ions are attracted by electrostatic forces of ...
Aluminium(I) oxide is a compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al 2 O. It can be prepared by heating the stable oxide Al 2 O 3 with elemental silicon at 1800 °C under vacuum .
The idea here is that oxygen is making a phase change from gas to solid, and at the same time a bond is forming between oxygen and a metal. The instantaneous breaking of one bond and forming a different one required an energy contribution higher than the enthalpy of bond dissociation for molecular gaseous oxygen at 298K is +498.34 kJ/mol and is ...
Historically, the mole was defined as the amount of substance in 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.As a consequence, the mass of one mole of a chemical compound, in grams, is numerically equal (for all practical purposes) to the mass of one molecule or formula unit of the compound, in daltons, and the molar mass of an isotope in grams per mole is approximately equal to the mass number ...