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A mallet finger, also known as hammer finger or PLF finger or Hannan finger, is an extensor tendon injury at the farthest away finger joint. [2] This results in the inability to extend the finger tip without pushing it. [3] There is generally pain and bruising at the back side of the farthest away finger joint. [3]
Injuries (such as by an external flexion force during active extension) may allow the tendon to dislocate into the intermetacarpal space; the extensor tendon then acts as a flexor and the finger may no longer be actively extended. This may be corrected surgically by using a slip of the extensor tendon to replace the damaged ligamentous band [4]
The extensor digitorum muscle (also known as extensor digitorum communis) [2] is a muscle of the posterior forearm present in humans and other animals. It extends the medial four digits of the hand. Extensor digitorum is innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve, which is a branch of the radial nerve. [3]
The extensor indicis proprius usually runs and inserts onto the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum communis of the index finger. [4] The fifth compartment is occupied by the extensor digiti minimi, the extensor of the little finger. The extensor carpi ulnaris passes through the sixth compartment to insert to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone.
The capsule, extensor tendon, and skin are very thin and lax dorsally, allowing for both phalanx bones to flex more than 100° until the base of the middle phalanx makes contact with the condylar notch of the proximal phalanx. [1] At the level of the PIP joint the extensor mechanism splits into three bands.
A graft of the extensor retinaculum was shown to be useful in treating boxer's knuckle when direct repair of the damaged capsule is not possible. [6] Because of their similarities in histological structure, studies also show the extensor retinaculum to be a reasonable biological replacement for reconstruction of a deficient annular pulley. [6]
Tenodesis grasp and release is an orthopedic observation of a passive hand grasp and release mechanism, affected by wrist extension or flexion, respectively.It is caused by the manner of attachment of the finger tendons to the bones and the passive tension created by two-joint muscles used to produce a functional movement or task (tenodesis). [1]
The extensor indicis proprius does not show much variation. It exists as a single tendon most of the time. [4] Double tendons of the extensor indicis proprius was also reported. [2] [5] [6] It is known that the extensor indicis proprius inserts to the index finger on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum. [7]