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The two discovering parties independently assign the discovered meson two different symbols, J and ψ; thus, it becomes formally known as the J/ψ meson. The discovery finally convinces the physics community of the quark model's validity. 1974 Robert J. Buenker and Sigrid D. Peyerimhoff introduce the multireference configuration interaction method.
Antielectron (or positron), the first antiparticle, discovered by Carl D. Anderson [13] (proposed by Paul Dirac in 1927 and by Ettore Majorana in 1928) 1937 Muon (or mu lepton) discovered by Seth Neddermeyer, Carl D. Anderson, J.C. Street, and E.C. Stevenson, using cloud chamber measurements of cosmic rays [14] (it was mistaken for the pion ...
These rays, which he discovered but were later called cathode rays by Eugen Goldstein, produced a fluorescence when they hit a tube's glass walls and, when interrupted by a solid object, cast a shadow. 1869: William Crookes: Invented the Crookes tube. 1873: Willoughby Smith: Discovered the photoelectric effect in metals not in solution (i.e ...
where m e is the mass of electron. For example, the Stanford linear accelerator can accelerate an electron to roughly 51 GeV. [146] Since an electron behaves as a wave, at a given velocity it has a characteristic de Broglie wavelength. This is given by λ e = h/p where h is the Planck constant and p is the momentum. [60]
Plaque commemorating J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron outside the old Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge Autochrome portrait by Georges Chevalier, 1923 Thomson c. 1920–1925 Thomson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) [ 24 ] [ 49 ] and appointed to the Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics at the Cavendish ...
1983: Kary Mullis invents the polymerase chain reaction, a key discovery in molecular biology; 1986: Karl Müller and Johannes Bednorz: Discovery of High-temperature superconductivity; 1988: Bart van Wees and colleagues at TU Delft and Philips Research discovered the quantized conductance in a two-dimensional electron gas.
Some particles including the positron were even discovered by using this device. By 1914, experiments by Ernest Rutherford, Henry Moseley, James Franck and Gustav Hertz had largely established the structure of an atom as a dense nucleus of positive charge surrounded by lower-mass electrons. [6]
George Johnstone Stoney (15 February 1826 – 5 July 1911) was an Irish physicist known for introducing the term electron as the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity". [1] He initially named it "electrolion" in 1881, [2] and later named it “electron” in 1891. [3] [4] [5] He published around 75 scientific papers during his lifetime.