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Estrogens can be administered via a variety of routes, including by mouth, sublingual, transdermal/topical (gel, patch), vaginal (gel, tablet, ring), rectal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, and subcutaneous implant. Natural estrogens generally have low oral bioavailability while synthetic estrogens have higher bioavailability.
Estrone is an estrogen, specifically an agonist of the estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ. [5] [44] It is a far less potent estrogen than is estradiol, and as such is a relatively weak estrogen. [5] [44] Given by subcutaneous injection in mice, estradiol is about 10-fold more potent than estrone and about 100-fold more potent than estriol. [45]
They are mostly caused by low levels of female sex hormones (e.g. estrogens) that occur during menopause. [1] [2] Estrogens and progestogens are the main hormone drugs used in HRT. Progesterone is the main female sex hormone that occurs naturally and is also manufactured into a drug that is used in menopausal hormone therapy. [1]
Therapy can take the form of an estrogen pill, skin patch, ring, gel, cream, or spray, and it usually includes a second hormone, progestogen, which can be either progesterone or a synthetic progestin.
Synthetic conjugated estrogens (Cenestin, Enjuvia) [1] – 0.3 mg, 0.45 mg, 0.625 mg, 0.9 mg, 1.25 mg Atypical (dual estrogen and nitrogen mustard alkylating antineoplastic ): Estramustine phosphate sodium (Emcyt) – 140 mg
The synthetic estrogen used in most combined hormonal contraceptive pills on the market is a highly potent synthetic estrogen called ethinyl estradiol. ... including menopause,” she said. ...
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