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Calcium batteries are one of many candidates to replace lithium-ion battery technology. It is a multivalent battery.Key advantages are lower cost, earth abundance (41,500 ppm), higher energy density, high capacity and high cell voltage, [12] and potentially higher power density.
CA2, CA-2 or CA II may refer to : Carbonic anhydrase II, a human gene; United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; California's 2nd congressional district; Hummel CA-2, an ultralight aircraft; California State Route 2; Ca II, a singly-ionized calcium that produces the H and K lines, and the calcium triplet lines in the spectrum of ...
The concentration of calcium (Ca 2+ ions) is normally several thousand times higher outside the cell than inside. Activation of particular VGCCs allows a Ca 2+ influx into the cell, which, depending on the cell type, results in activation of calcium-sensitive potassium channels , muscular contraction , [ 4 ] excitation of neurons, up-regulation ...
Actinolite is an intermediate member in a solid-solution series between magnesium-rich tremolite, Ca 2 (Mg 5.0-4.5 Fe 2+ 0.0-0.5)Si 8 O 22 (OH) 2, and iron-rich ferro-actinolite, ☐Ca 2 (Mg 2.5-0.0 Fe 2+ 2.5-5.0)Si 8 O 22 (OH) 2. Mg and Fe ions can be freely exchanged in the crystal structure. Like tremolite, asbestiform actinolite is ...
[8] [9] The Ca 2+ ion acts as an electrolyte and is vital to the health of the muscular, circulatory, and digestive systems; is indispensable to the building of bone in the form of hydroxyapatite; and supports synthesis and function of blood cells. For example, it regulates the contraction of muscles, nerve conduction, and the clotting of blood ...
The adjacent table shows the result for [Ca 2+] and [H +] (in the form of pH) as a function of ambient partial pressure of CO 2 (K sp = 4.47 × 10 −9 has been taken for the calculation). At atmospheric levels of ambient CO 2 the table indicates that the solution will be slightly alkaline with a maximum CaCO 3 solubility of 47 mg/L.
The sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, exchange protein, or NCX) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells. It uses the energy that is stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium (Na +) by allowing Na + to flow down its gradient across the plasma membrane in exchange for the countertransport of calcium ions (Ca 2+).
The Ca 2+ concentration of the vacuole may reach millimolar levels. The most striking use of Ca 2+ ions as a structural element in algae occurs in the marine coccolithophores, which use Ca 2+ to form the calcium carbonate plates, with which they are covered. Calcium is needed to form the pectin in the middle lamella of newly formed cells.