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At the top end of the range, napier grasses have been shown to yield up to 80 dry tonnes per hectare per year, [12] [13] [14] and commercial napier grass developers advertise yields of roughly 100 dry tonnes per hectare per year, provided there is an adequate amount of rain or irrigation available (100 mm per month).
Scholars Mt. Pleasant and Burt reproduced Iroquois methods of cultivation with Iroquoian varieties of maize at several locations in New York. They reported maize yields of 22 to 76 bushels per acre (1.4 to 4.8 tonnes per hectare). Soil fertility and weather were the main determinants of yield. [14] Mt.
45% of Tanzanian land is used for maize cultivation in which 4.5 million of households utilize their land for maize cultivation. [3] The contribution of smallholders is 85% of the total national cultivation with the rest of contribution being from community farms and large farms (private and public) [1] Cultivation of maize is conducted in two different rainfall seasons of the year, which are:
For example, average yields of corn (maize) in the US have increased from around 2.5 tons per hectare (t/ha) (40 bushels per acre) in 1900 to about 9.4 t/ha (150 bushels per acre) in 2001. Similarly, worldwide average wheat yields have increased from less than 1 t/ha in 1900 to more than 2.5 t/ha in 1990.
Land is a vital asset in ensuring food security, and among the nine main food crops in Tanzania are maize, sorghum, millet, rice, wheat, beans, cassava, potatoes, and bananas. The agricultural industry makes a large contribution to the country's foreign exchange earnings, with more than US$1 billion in earnings from cash crop exports. [4]
Irrigation schemes in the world use about 3 500 km 3 water per year, of which 74% is evaporated by the crops. [7] This is some 80% of all water used by mankind (4 400 km 3 per year). The water used for irrigation is roughly 25% of the annually available water resources (14 000 km 3) and 9% of all annual river discharges in the hydrological cycle.
Raw, yellow, sweet maize kernels are composed of 76% water, 19% carbohydrates, 3% protein, and 1% fat (table). In a 100- gram serving, maize kernels provide 86 calories and are a good source (10–19% of the Daily Value ) of the B vitamins , thiamin , niacin (if freed ), pantothenic acid (B5) and folate . [ 109 ]
A maize crop yielding 6–9 tonnes of grain per hectare (2.5 acres) requires 31–50 kilograms (68–110 lb) of phosphate fertilizer to be applied; soybean crops require about half, 20–25 kg per hectare. [21] Yara International is the world's largest producer of nitrogen-based fertilizers. [22]