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The term NO x represents several forms of nitrogen oxides such as NO (nitric oxide), NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide) and N 2 O (nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas).In a gasoline engine, NO is the most common form of NO x at around 93%, while NO 2 is around 5% and the rest is N 2 O.
A NO x adsorber is designed to reduce oxides of nitrogen emitted in the exhaust gas of a lean burn internal combustion engine.Lean burn engines, particularly diesels, present a special challenge to emission control system designers because of the relatively high levels of O 2 (atmospheric oxygen) in the exhaust gas.
SCR systems are now the preferred method for meeting Tier 4 Final and EURO 6 diesel emissions standards for heavy trucks, cars and light commercial vehicles. As a result, emissions of NOx, particulates, and hydrocarbons have been lowered by as much as 95% when compared with pre-emissions engines. [2]
A nondispersive infrared sensor (or NDIR sensor) is a simple spectroscopic sensor often used as a gas detector.It is non-dispersive in the fact that no dispersive element (e.g a prism or diffraction grating as is often present in other spectrometers) is used to separate out (like a monochromator) the broadband light into a narrow spectrum suitable for gas sensing.
Sensors are usually designed so that the gas supply is limited by diffusion, and thus the output from the sensor is linearly proportional to the gas concentration. This linear output is one of the advantages of electrochemical sensors over other sensor technologies (e.g. infrared), whose output must be linearized before they can be used.
This may be especially true for modern, clean diesel vehicles that continuously monitor engine operation electronically and actively control engine parameters and exhaust system operations to limit NO x emission to less than 0.2 g/km. Low-temperature combustion or LTC technology [2] may help reduce thermal formation of NO x during combustion ...
In the fall, there can be wide swings between afternoon high temperatures in, say, the 70s, and nightly low temperatures in the 20s and 30s − a large enough drop to make the TPMS think there's ...
As noted earlier, the feeding of the low-oxygen exhaust gas into the diesel engine's air intake engenders lower combustion temperatures, thereby reducing emissions of NO x. By replacing some of the fresh air intake with inert gases EGR also allows the engine to reduce the amount of injected fuel without compromising ideal air-fuel mixture ratio ...