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In telecommunications, the effective height of an antenna is the height of the antenna's center of radiation above the ground. In low-frequency applications involving loaded or nonloaded vertical antennas, the effective height is the moment of the current distribution in the vertical section, divided by the input current. For an antenna with a ...
Height above average terrain (HAAT), or (less popularly) effective height above average terrain (EHAAT), is the vertical position of an antenna site above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television , as it is more important than effective radiated power (ERP) in determining the range of broadcasts ( VHF and ...
The two-rays ground-reflection model is a multipath radio propagation model which predicts the path losses between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna when they are in line of sight (LOS). Generally, the two antenna each have different height. The received signal having two components, the LOS component and the reflection component ...
Antenna directivity is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity (power per unit surface) radiated by the antenna in the maximum direction divided by the intensity radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna radiating the same total power as that antenna. For example, a hypothetical antenna which had a radiated pattern of a hemisphere (1/2 ...
The typical height of a 'T' antenna is shorter than the quarter wavelength required for resonance. A 'T' antenna is distinguished from the similar 'L' antenna by the place where the dangling, radiating wire attaches to the horizontal cross wire: For the 'T' antenna the dangling wire attaches to the exact center of the top horizontal wire.
There are more specific models for special uses. For example the COST Hata model, an urban HataModel, was developed by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology. [3] In turn, the ITU-R P.1546 model is an enhancement to the COST-231 Model. PCS is another extension of the Hata model. The Walfisch and Bertoni model is further advanced.
In antenna theory, radiation efficiency is a measure of how well a radio antenna converts the radio-frequency power accepted at its terminals into radiated power. Likewise, in a receiving antenna it describes the proportion of the radio wave's power intercepted by the antenna which is actually delivered as an electrical signal.
In electromagnetics and antenna theory, the aperture of an antenna is defined as "A surface, near or on an antenna, on which it is convenient to make assumptions regarding the field values for the purpose of computing fields at external points. The aperture is often taken as that portion of a plane surface near the antenna, perpendicular to the ...