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  2. Observation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation

    Observation in the natural sciences [1] is an act or instance of noticing or perceiving [2] and the acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses. In science, observation can also involve the perception and recording of data via the use of scientific instruments. The term may also refer to ...

  3. Perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception

    Perception (from Latin perceptio 'gathering, receiving') is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and ...

  4. Sense data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_data

    The theory of sense data is a view in the philosophy of perception, popularly held in the early 20th century by philosophers such as Bertrand Russell, C. D. Broad, H. H. Price, A. J. Ayer, and G. E. Moore. Sense data are taken to be mind-dependent objects whose existence and properties are known directly to us in perception.

  5. Observer effect (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_effect_(physics)

    In physics, the observer effect is the disturbance of an observed system by the act of observation. [1] [2] This is often the result of utilising instruments that, by necessity, alter the state of what they measure in some manner. A common example is checking the pressure in an automobile tire, which causes some of the air to escape, thereby ...

  6. Awareness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awareness

    Awareness is a relative concept.It may refer to an internal state, such as a visceral feeling, or on external events by way of sensory perception. [2] It is analogous to sensing something, a process distinguished from observing and perceiving (which involves a basic process of acquainting with the items we perceive). [4]

  7. Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivity_and...

    The root of the words subjectivity and objectivity are subject and object, philosophical terms that mean, respectively, an observer and a thing being observed.The word subjectivity comes from subject in a philosophical sense, meaning an individual who possesses unique conscious experiences, such as perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires, [1] [3] or who (consciously) acts upon or wields ...

  8. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    Simultaneously, there are many limitations and disadvantages in the observation process, including the potential lack of reliability, poor validity, and faulty perception. Participants' observations are widely used in sociological and anthropological studies, while systematic observation is used where researchers need to collect data without ...

  9. Emotion perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion_perception

    Emotion perception refers to the capacities and abilities of recognizing and identifying emotions in others, in addition to biological and physiological processes involved. . Emotions are typically viewed as having three components: subjective experience, physical changes, and cognitive appraisal; emotion perception is the ability to make accurate decisions about another's subjective ...