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The color of chemicals is a physical property of chemicals that in most cases comes from the excitation of electrons due to an absorption of energy performed by the chemical. The study of chemical structure by means of energy absorption and release is generally referred to as spectroscopy .
Both of these are now out-of-print in their paper versions, but are available free of charge in electronic versions. After the release of a draft version for public comment in 2004 [4] and the publication of several revised sections in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry, a fully revised version was published in print in 2013. [5] [2]
Several of the CPK colors refer mnemonically to colors of the pure elements or notable compound. For example, hydrogen is a colorless gas, carbon as charcoal, graphite or coke is black, sulfur powder is yellow, chlorine is a greenish gas, bromine is a dark red liquid, iodine in ether is violet, amorphous phosphorus is red, rust is dark orange-red, etc.
The Orange Book is one of IUPAC's "Color Books" along with the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (Blue Book), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (Red Book), Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (Green Book), Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Gold Book), Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature (Purple Book), Compendium of Terminology and Nomenclature of Properties ...
It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2]
The table is color-coded to show the chemical groupings. Small symbols pack in additional information: solid/liquid/gas, the color of an element, common in the human body, common in the earth's crust, magnetic metals, noble metals, radioactive, and rare or never found in nature.
Glass coloring and color marking may be obtained in several ways. by the addition of coloring ions, [1] [2] by precipitation of nanometer-sized colloids (so-called striking glasses [1] such as "gold ruby" [3] or red "selenium ruby"), [2] Ancient Roman enamelled glass, 1st century, Treasure of Begram; by colored inclusions (as in milk glass and ...
The chemistry of acid dyes is complex and diverse. Most acid dyes are related in basic structure to the following: Anthraquinone type: Many acid dyes are synthesized from chemical intermediates that form anthraquinone-like structures as their final state. Many blue dyes have this structure as their basic shape.