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A major application of current loops is the industry de facto standard 4–20 mA current loop for process control applications, where they are extensively used to carry signals from process instrumentation to proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, and programmable logic ...
A 1951 USAF resolution test chart is a microscopic optical resolution test device originally defined by the U.S. Air Force MIL-STD-150A standard of 1951. The design provides numerous small target shapes exhibiting a stepped assortment of precise spatial frequency specimens.
The HART Communication Protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) is a hybrid analog+digital industrial automation open protocol. Its most notable advantage is that it can communicate over legacy 4–20 mA analog instrumentation current loops, sharing the pair of wires used by the analog-only host systems.
NEC and Toshiba used this process for their 4 Mb DRAM memory chips in 1986. [47] Hitachi, IBM, Matsushita and Mitsubishi Electric used this process for their 4 Mb DRAM memory chips in 1987. [37] Toshiba's 4 Mb EPROM memory chip in 1987. [47] Hitachi, Mitsubishi and Toshiba used this process for their 1 Mb SRAM memory chips in 1987. [47]
Specifically, leakage current and threshold voltage do not scale with size, and so the power density increases with scaling. This eventually led to a power density that is too high. This is the "power wall", which caused Intel to cancel Tejas and Jayhawk in 2004. [9] Since around 2005–2007 Dennard scaling appears to have broken down.
A compressor map is a chart which shows the performance of a turbomachinery compressor.This type of compressor is used in gas turbine engines, for supercharging reciprocating engines and for industrial processes, where it is known as a dynamic compressor.
Dynamic voltage scaling to increase voltage is known as overvolting; dynamic voltage scaling to decrease voltage is known as undervolting. Undervolting is done in order to conserve power , particularly in laptops and other mobile devices , where energy comes from a battery and thus is limited, or in rare cases, to increase reliability.
Scaling of Navier–Stokes equation refers to the process of selecting the proper spatial scales – for a certain type of flow – to be used in the non-dimensionalization of the equation. Since the resulting equations need to be dimensionless, a suitable combination of parameters and constants of the equations and flow (domain ...