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Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), also called fulguration, [1] is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor, sensory nerves or a dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from medium frequency alternating current (in the range of 350–500 kHz).
For example, for a patient who has had a right sided hip replacement who is scheduled for surgery, the return electrode is placed on the left side of the body on the lateral side of the lower abdomen, which places the return electrode between the location of the metal and the surgical site and on the opposite side from the metal.
In medicine, ablation is the removal of a part of biological tissue, usually by surgery. Surface ablation of the skin ( dermabrasion , also called resurfacing because it induces regeneration ) can be carried out by chemicals (chemoablation), by lasers ( laser ablation ), by freezing ( cryoablation ), or by electricity ( fulguration ).
Surgical ablation has been used to treat Parkinson's disease. In the 1990s, the pallidum was a common surgical target. Unilateral pallidotomy improves tremor and dyskinesia on one side of the body (opposite the side of the brain surgery), but bilateral pallidotomy was found to cause irreversible deterioration in speech and cognition. [citation ...
While nephron-sparing surgery is the gold standard treatment for small, malignant renal masses, ablative therapies are considered a viable option in patients who are poor surgical candidates. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation have been used since the 1990s; however, in lesions larger than 3 cm, their efficacy is limited.
Transurethral needle ablation can be used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). [4] Some clinical studies have reported that TUNA is safe and effective, improving the urine flow with minimal side effects when compared with other procedures, such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and open prostatectomy.
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal (not using extreme heat or cold) method of biological ablation (removal of structure or functionality) utilizing high-amplitude pulsed (microsecond duration) electric fields to create irreversible electroporation in tissues. [1] [2] It is used most widely to treat tumors or cardiac arrhythmias. [3]
The technique for thermal ablation in the lung by using radiofrequency ablation was first described in 1995 for use in animal lung tumor models and then in 2000 in humans. [1-2] Microwave ablation has emerged as a newer ablation modality and an addition to the arsenal of minimally invasive cancer care.