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Floral diagram of Anagallis arvensis. [1]: 307 The dot represents the main axis, green structure below is the subtending bract. Calyx (green arcs) consists of five free sepals; corolla (red arcs) consists of five fused petals. Antepetalous stamens are joined to petals by hairy filaments.
Floral formulae are one of the two ways of describing flower structure developed during the 19th century, the other being floral diagrams. [2] The format of floral formulae differs according to the tastes of particular authors and periods, yet they tend to convey the same information. [1] A floral formula is often used along with a floral diagram.
Diagram of flower parts. In botany, floral morphology is the study of the diversity of forms and structures presented by the flower, which, by definition, is a branch of limited growth that bears the modified leaves responsible for reproduction and protection of the gametes, called floral pieces.
The corolla: zero or more whorls of petals above the calyx; The androecium: zero or more whorls of stamens, each comprising a filament and an anther; The gynoecium: zero or more whorls of carpels, each consisting of an ovary, a style, and a stigma; A flower lacking any of these floral structures is said to be incomplete or imperfect. [3]
Diagram showing the parts of a mature flower. In this example the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals.
Just beneath (subtended) the flower there may be a modified, and usually reduced, leaf, called a bract. A secondary smaller bract is a bracteole (bractlet, prophyll, prophyllum), often on the side of the pedicel, and generally paired. A series of bracts subtending the calyx (see below) is an epicalyx. Angiosperms are dealt with in more detail ...
A mature flower. In this example, the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when called a perigone.
In angiosperms, a hypanthium or floral cup [1] [2] [3] is a structure where basal portions of the calyx, the corolla, and the stamens form a cup-shaped tube. It is sometimes called a floral tube, a term that is also used for corolla tube and calyx tube. [citation needed] It often contains the nectaries of the plant.