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Of the 26 "monoisotopic" elements that have only a single stable isotope, all but one have an odd atomic number—the single exception being beryllium. In addition, no odd-numbered element has more than two stable isotopes, while every even-numbered element with stable isotopes, except for helium, beryllium, and carbon, has at least three.
This element is prevented from having a stable isotope with equal numbers of neutrons and protons (beryllium-8, with 4 of each) by its instability toward alpha decay, which is favored due to the extremely tight binding of helium-4 nuclei. It is prevented from having a stable isotope with 4 protons and 6 neutrons by the very large mismatch in ...
The least stable isomer is 190m3 Ir with a half-life of only 2 μs. [27] The isotope 191 Ir was the first one of any element to be shown to present a Mössbauer effect. This renders it useful for Mössbauer spectroscopy for research in physics, chemistry, biochemistry, metallurgy, and mineralogy. [30]
A nuclide is a species of an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, for example, carbon-13 with 6 protons and 7 neutrons. The nuclide concept (referring to individual nuclear species) emphasizes nuclear properties over chemical properties, whereas the isotope concept (grouping all atoms of each element) emphasizes chemical over nuclear.
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7 elements have 6 stable isotopes apiece; 11 elements have 5 stable isotopes apiece; 9 elements have 4 stable isotopes apiece; 5 elements have 3 stable isotopes apiece; 16 elements have 2 stable isotopes apiece; 26 elements have 1 single stable isotope. These last 26 are thus called monoisotopic elements. [3] The mean number of stable isotopes ...
The main decay modes of isotopes with mass numbers lower than the most stable isotope, 244 Pu, are spontaneous fission and alpha emission, mostly forming uranium (92 protons) and neptunium (93 protons) isotopes as decay products (neglecting the wide range of daughter nuclei created by fission processes).
Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol 2 H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen; the other is protium, or hydrogen-1, 1 H. The deuterium nucleus (deuteron) contains one proton and one neutron, whereas the far more common 1 H has no neutrons. The name deuterium comes from Greek deuteros, meaning "second".