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The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) state that "It is well documented that the most important measure for preventing the spread of pathogens is effective handwashing". [7] In the developed world, hand washing is mandatory in most health care settings and required by many different regulators. [citation needed]
Blood can contain pathogens of various types, chief among which are microorganisms, like bacteria and parasites, and non-living infectious agents such as viruses. Three blood-borne pathogens in particular, all viruses, are cited as of primary concern to health workers by the CDC-NIOSH: HIV, hepatitis B (HVB), & hepatitis C (HVC). [2]
Universal precautions are an infection control practice. Under universal precautions all patients were considered to be possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens. The guideline recommended wearing gloves when collecting or handling blood and body fluids contaminated with blood, wearing face shields when there was danger of blood splashing on mucous membranes ,and disposing of all needles and ...
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard (BBPS) Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention, from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Workplace Safety Standards and Regulations; NIOSH Bloodborne Infectious Diseases Topic Page; OSHA Standard – Bloodborne Pathogens Training for handling BBP
Many of these agencies have their own manuals and guidance documents relating to training and certain aspects of biosafety directly tied to their agency's scope, including transportation, storage and handling of blood borne pathogens (OSHA, [22] IATA).
These include bloodborne pathogens, personal protective equipment, and respiratory protections. The CDC has also released resource for health care facilities to assist in assessing and reducing risk for occupational exposure to infectious diseases.