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The cosmic microwave background was first predicted in 1948 by Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, in a correction [16] they prepared for a paper by Alpher's PhD advisor George Gamow. [17] Alpher and Herman were able to estimate the temperature of the cosmic microwave background to be 5 K. [18]
1938: Walther Nernst re-estimates the cosmic ray temperature as 0.75 K. [2] 1946: The term "microwave" is first used in print in an astronomical context in an article "Microwave Radiation from the Sun and Moon" by Robert Dicke and Robert Beringer. 1946: Robert Dicke predicts a microwave background radiation temperature of 20 K (ref: Helge Kragh)
It is the current standard model of Big Bang cosmology, [1] as it is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of: the existence and structure of the cosmic microwave background; the large-scale structure in the distribution of galaxies; the observed abundances of hydrogen (including deuterium), helium, and lithium;
The spectral distortion in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) looks different depending on the moment in the universe's history where this black body was modified. At very early times where z > 10 6 {\displaystyle z>10^{6}} , any injection of energy emerges as a temperature shift in the black body.
On 21 March 2013, the Planck team released its first all-sky map of the cosmic microwave background. The map was of exceptional quality and allowed researchers to measure temperature variations in the CMB with unprecedented accuracy. In February 2015, an expanded release was published, which included polarization data. The final papers by the ...
The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation constitutes a major development in modern physical cosmology.In 1964, US physicist Arno Allan Penzias and radio-astronomer Robert Woodrow Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB), estimating its temperature as 3.5 K, as they experimented with the Holmdel Horn Antenna.
This list is a compilation of experiments measuring the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation anisotropies and polarization since the first detection of the CMB by Penzias and Wilson in 1964. There have been a variety of experiments to measure the CMB anisotropies and polarization since its first observation in 1964 by Penzias and Wilson ...
The steady-state model attempted to explain the microwave background radiation as the result of light from ancient stars that has been scattered by galactic dust. However, the cosmic microwave background level is very even in all directions, making it difficult to explain how it could be generated by numerous point sources, and the microwave ...