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The short leg cast is designed to immobilize the lower leg and ankle, extending from just below the knee to the toes. It is used to treat less severe injuries, such as ankle fractures, foot fractures, or severe sprains. The cast restricts ankle movement while allowing knee mobility.
A knee orthosis (KO) or knee brace extends above and below the knee joint and is generally worn to support or align the knee. In the case of diseases causing neurological or muscular impairment of muscles surrounding the knee, a KO can prevent flexion, extension, or instability of the knee.
External fixation is a surgical treatment wherein Kirschner pins and wires are inserted and affixed into bone and then exit the body to be attached to an external apparatus composed of rings and threaded rods — the Ilizarov apparatus, the Taylor Spatial Frame, and the Octopod External Fixator — which immobilises the damaged limb to facilitate healing. [1]
Knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve pain and disability, most commonly offered when joint pain is not diminished by conservative sources. [1] [2] It may also be performed for other knee diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Knee-high stockings are more comfortable, easier to apply, and wearing them increases patients' compliance with treatment. [22] Knee-high stockings are easier to size for limb measurement than thigh-high compression stockings. [9] Thigh-high compression stockings may create a tourniquet effect and cause localized restriction when rolled down. [23]
The sternal occipital mandibular immobilizer (SOMI) can also be used to provide support for cervical spine sprain, stable fracture, or postoperative support. [ 8 ] For thoracic and lumbar spine, support can be provided using custom-fit, hard-shell back braces , most commonly after surgery.