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It also seems that myelin basic protein (MBP) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients contains lower levels of phosphorylation at Thr97 than normal individuals. [152] NAWM is the place where lesions appear and the process seems to be made by microglia, in absence of leukocyte infiltration, astrogliosis or demyelination.
The damaged white matter is known as "Normal-appearing white matter" (NAWM) and is where lesions appear. [10] These lesions form in NAWM before blood–brain barrier breakdown. [64] BBB can be broken centripetally (the most normal) or centrifugally. [65] Several possible biochemical disrupters were proposed.
The McDonald criteria states that patients with multiple sclerosis should have lesions which are disseminated in time (DIT) and disseminated in space (DIS), i.e. lesions which have appeared in different areas in the brain and at different times. [88] Below is an abbreviated outline of the 2017 McDonald Criteria for diagnosis of MS.
A new study found that in about 10% cases of multiple sclerosis, the body begins producing a distinctive set of antibodies against its own proteins years before symptoms emerge. “Multiple ...
Demyelinating lesions whose size is larger than 2 cm. They normally appear together with normal MS lesions, situation described as tumefactive multiple sclerosis. When they appear alone, they are usually named "Solitary sclerosis", [38] being more difficult to diagnose.
Among the imaging biomarkers in MS the most known is MRI by two methods, gadolinium contrast and T2-hypertense lesions, but also important are PET and OCT. Among the body fluid biomarkers the most known are oligoclonal bands in CSF but several others are under research. Genetic biomarkers are under study but there is nothing conclusive still.
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