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Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), is a group of symptoms caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava ("SVC"), a short, wide vessel carrying circulating blood into the heart. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum , most commonly lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma , directly compressing or invading ...
The superior vena cava (SVC) is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large-diameter (24 mm) short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm .
A positive Pemberton's sign is indicative of superior vena cava syndrome (SVC), commonly the result of a mass in the mediastinum.Although the sign is most commonly described in patients with substernal goiters where the goiter "corks off" the thoracic inlet, [4] the maneuver is potentially useful in any patient with adenopathy, tumor, or fibrosis involving the mediastinum.
Usually, treatment involves surgical intervention in order to repair the persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) from draining into the left atrium. [1] Several surgical options can be used based on the individual. The main goal of these surgical interventions is to re-establish intracardiac flow of blood through the heart. [2]
The exit area is where the lumen (single, double or multiple) comes out of the thoracic wall. The catheter at the entrance is then inserted back through the entrance site and advanced into the superior vena cava, preferably near the junction of it and the right atrium of the heart. The entrance incision is sutured.
Problems with the innominate vein and superior vena cava have also been reported to contribute to CCSVI. [27] A vascular component in MS had been cited previously. [28] [29] Several characteristics of venous diseases make it difficult to include MS in this group. [14] In its current form, CCSVI cannot explain some of the epidemiological ...
The differential diagnoses of Kussmaul's sign includes constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, and severe right-sided heart failure. [citation needed]
It is also part of the surgical treatment path for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome. [1] [2] [3] This procedure has been largely replaced by Bidirectional Glenn procedure. [citation needed] It connects the superior vena cava to the right pulmonary artery. [4