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Greenbacks were emergency paper currency issued by the United States during the American Civil War that were printed in green on the back. [1] They were in two forms: Demand Notes , issued in 1861–1862, [ 1 ] and United States Notes , issued in 1862–1865. [ 2 ]
A United States Note, also known as a Legal Tender Note, is a type of paper money that was issued from 1862 to 1971 in the United States. Having been current for 109 years, they were issued for longer than any other form of U.S. paper money other than the currently issued Federal Reserve Note .
A $5 United States Note of the series of 1862 popularly known as a "greenback" from the color of ink used on the reverse. The American Civil War of 1861 to 1865 greatly affected the financial system of the United States of America, creating vast new war-related expenditures while disrupting the flow of tax revenue from the Southern United States, organized as the Confederate States of America.
Top row: The distinctive green ink used on the backs of Demand Notes gave rise to the term "greenbacks" Bottom row: Prominent design elements used on the front of $5 and $20 Demand Notes (located respectively under their denomination); pictured in the middle is the front of a $10 Demand Note with prominent design elements listed
Greenback (1860s money), a fiat currency issued during the American Civil War United States Note , paper money issued from 1862 to 1971 Greenback, a nickname used for the United States dollar in the financial press in other countries
The act maintained greenbacks issued during the Civil War at their existing level, about $356 million, neither contracting them nor issuing more. It replaced $45 million in "temporary loan certificates," paper bearing 3% interest but which circulated as currency, with the same amount of national bank notes issued by newly chartered banks.
Early in 1862, the United States issued legal-tender notes, called greenbacks. By war's end, a total of $431 million in greenbacks had been issued, and authorization had been given for another $50 million in small denominations, known as fractional currency or "shin plasters." The issuance of greenbacks caused inflation during the period.
The Greenback Party was a newcomer to the political scene in 1880, having arisen, mainly in the nation's West and South, as a response to the economic depression that followed the Panic of 1873. During the Civil War , Congress had authorized " greenbacks ", a form of money redeemable in government bonds rather than in then-traditional gold.