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In some cases, by way of irony, an affirmative statement may be intended to have the meaning of the corresponding negative, or vice versa. For examples see antiphrasis and sarcasm . For the use of double negations or similar as understatements ("not unappealing", "not bad", etc.) see litotes .
Conversions from adjectives to nouns and vice versa are both very common and unnotable in English; much more remarked upon is the creation of a verb by converting a noun or other word (for example, the adjective clean becomes the verb to clean).
Synecdoche: referring to a part by its whole or vice versa. Synonymia: use of two or more synonyms in the same clause or sentence. Tautology: redundancy due to superfluous qualification; saying the same thing twice. Tmesis: insertions of content within a compound word. Tricolon diminuens: combination of three elements, each decreasing in size.
The grammatical particle has no independent meaning and happens to be spelled and pronounced the same as the embedded nie, meaning "not", by a historical accident. The second nie is used if and only if the sentence or phrase does not already end with either nie or another negating adverb. Ek sien jou nie. ("I don't see you") Ek sien jou nooit.
Also apophthegm. A terse, pithy saying, akin to a proverb, maxim, or aphorism. aposiopesis A rhetorical device in which speech is broken off abruptly and the sentence is left unfinished. apostrophe A figure of speech in which a speaker breaks off from addressing the audience (e.g., in a play) and directs speech to a third party such as an opposing litigant or some other individual, sometimes ...
William Bullokar wrote the earliest grammar of English, published in 1586.It includes a chapter on adverbs. His definition follows: An adverb is a part of speech joined with a verb or participle to declare their signification more expressly by such adverb: as, come hither if they wilt go forth, sometimes with an adjective: as, thus broad: & sometimes joined with another adverb: as, how soon ...
Vice Versa (play), a play by Edward Rose, based on the novel; Vice Versa: Bisexuality and the Eroticism of Everyday Life, a book by Marjorie Garber; Éditions Vice-Versa, a magazine at the centre of Aubry v Éditions Vice-Versa Inc, a leading Supreme Court of Canada case about Quebec privacy rights
Passivization involves changing an active sentence to a passive sentence, or vice versa. The object of the active sentence is changed to the subject of the corresponding passive sentence: [16] (a) Drunks could put off the customers. (b) The customers could be put off by drunks.