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Stephen Wolfram was born in London in 1959 to Hugo and Sybil Wolfram, both German Jewish refugees to the United Kingdom. [10] His maternal grandmother was British psychoanalyst Kate Friedlander. Wolfram's father, Hugo Wolfram, was a textile manufacturer and served as managing director of the Lurex Company—makers of the fabric Lurex. [11]
A physicist considers whether artificial intelligence can fix science, regulation, and innovation.
The basic subject of Wolfram's "new kind of science" is the study of simple abstract rules—essentially, elementary computer programs.In almost any class of a computational system, one very quickly finds instances of great complexity among its simplest cases (after a time series of multiple iterative loops, applying the same simple set of rules on itself, similar to a self-reinforcing cycle ...
Rule 30 is an elementary cellular automaton introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983. [2] Using Wolfram's classification scheme, Rule 30 is a Class III rule, displaying aperiodic, chaotic behaviour. This rule is of particular interest because it produces complex, seemingly random patterns from simple, well-defined rules.
Wolfram states several phenomena are normally computationally irreducible [citation needed]. Computational irreducibility explains why many natural systems are hard to predict or simulate. The Principle of Computational Equivalence implies these systems are as computationally powerful as any designed computer.
In 2010, Gray founded Touch Press together with Max Whitby, John Cromie and Stephen Wolfram shortly after the announcement of the launch of the iPad. [15] [16] The company was created to develop innovative educational apps using the technology of the iPad to its full potential.
On May 14, 2007, Wolfram announced a $25,000 prize to be won by the first person to prove or disprove the universality of the (2,3) Turing machine. [2] On 24 October 2007, it was announced that the prize had been won by Alex Smith, a student in electronics and computing at the University of Birmingham , for his proof that it was universal.
Stephen Wolfram, British-born scientist and developer of Mathematica software; Chris Wysopal, entrepreneur and cybersecurity pioneer; See also.