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  2. Atmosphere of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth

    The stratosphere is the second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It lies above the troposphere and is separated from it by the tropopause. This layer extends from the top of the troposphere at roughly 12 km (7.5 mi; 39,000 ft) above Earth's surface to the stratopause at an altitude of about 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 164,000 to 180,000 ft).

  3. Idealized greenhouse model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealized_greenhouse_model

    The one-level atmospheric model can be readily extended to a multiple-layer atmosphere. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] In this case the equations for the temperatures become a series of coupled equations. These simple energy-balance models always predict a decreasing temperature away from the surface, and all levels increase in temperature as "greenhouse gases ...

  4. Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustrative_model_of...

    We now turn to calculating the effect of CO 2 on radiation, using a one-layer model, i.e. we treat the whole troposphere as a single layer: [3] Looking at a particular wavelength λ up to λ+dλ, the whole atmosphere has an optical depth OD, while the tropopause has an optical depth 0.12*OD; the troposphere has an optical depth of 0.88*OD.

  5. Exosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere

    The layers are to scale. From the Earth's surface to the top of the stratosphere (50km) is just under 1% of Earth's radius. The exosphere is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite where molecules are gravitationally bound to that body, but where the density is so low that the molecules are essentially collision ...

  6. Stratosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratosphere

    Diagram showing the five primary layers of the Earth's atmosphere: exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. The layers are not to scale. The stratosphere (/ ˈ s t r æ t ə ˌ s f ɪər,-t oʊ-/) is the second-lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.

  7. Homosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosphere

    The homosphere is the layer of an atmosphere where the bulk gases are homogeneously mixed due to turbulent mixing or eddy diffusion. The bulk composition of the air is mostly uniform so the concentrations of molecules are the same throughout the homosphere. The top of the homosphere is called the homopause, also known as the turbopause.

  8. Climate model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_model

    One-layer EBM with blackbody surface. Dimensionless models have also been constructed with functionally separated atmospheric layers from the surface. The simplest of these is the zero-dimensional, one-layer model, [19] which may be readily extended to an arbitrary number of atmospheric layers. The surface and atmospheric layer(s) are each ...

  9. Heterosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterosphere

    The heterosphere is the layer of an atmosphere where gases are separated out by molecular diffusion with increasing altitude such that lighter species become more abundant relative to heavier species. The heavier molecules and atoms tend to be present in the lower layers of the heterosphere while the lighter ones are present higher up.