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Green for daylight 'two color photography'. 58 green tricolor: B2: Color separation. 60 green: P: Green for 'two color photography' (tungsten). 61 deep green tricolor: N: Color separation, complements #29 and #47. Wratten number Visible color Filter factor or alternate designation F‑stops correction Uses and characteristics Monochromats 70 ...
Dye coupler technology has seen considerable advancement since the beginning of modern color photography. Major film and paper manufacturers have continually improved the stability of the image dye by improving couplers, particularly since the 1980s, so that archival properties of images are enhanced in newer color papers and films.
The equation for the optical Modulation transfer function associated with jitter is M T F j i t t e r ( k ) = e − 1 2 k 2 σ 2 {\displaystyle MTF_{jitter}(k)=e^{-{\frac {1}{2}}k^{2}\sigma ^{2}}} where k is the spatial frequency and σ {\displaystyle \sigma } is the amplitude of the jitter. [ 2 ]
Chromatic aberration also affects black-and-white photography. Although there are no colors in the photograph, chromatic aberration will blur the image. It can be reduced by using a narrow-band color filter, or by converting a single color channel to black and white. This will, however, require longer exposure (and change the resulting image).
In photography, reciprocity is the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines the reaction of light-sensitive material. Within a normal exposure range for film stock, for example, the reciprocity law states that the film response will be determined by the total exposure, defined as intensity × time.
Material dispersion can be a desirable or undesirable effect in optical applications. The dispersion of light by glass prisms is used to construct spectrometers and spectroradiometers. However, in lenses, dispersion causes chromatic aberration, an undesired effect that may degrade images in microscopes, telescopes, and photographic objectives.
Kerr effect (or quadratic electro-optic effect, QEO effect): change in the refractive index proportional to the square of the electric field. All materials display the Kerr effect, with varying magnitudes, but it is generally much weaker than the Pockels effect; electro-gyration: change in the optical activity. Electron-refractive effect or EIPM
The photorefractive effect is a nonlinear optical effect seen in certain crystals and other materials that respond to light by altering their refractive index. [1] The effect can be used to store temporary, erasable holograms and is useful for holographic data storage .