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Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1] In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing , bathing , and other types of housekeeping .
A bar of carbolic soap A puck of shaving soap in a ceramic bowl In chemistry , a soap is a salt of a fatty acid . [ 2 ] Household uses for soaps include washing , bathing , and other types of housekeeping , where soaps act as surfactants , emulsifying oils to enable them to be carried away by water.
Depending on the nature of the alkali used in their production, soaps have distinct properties. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces "hard" soaps; hard soaps can also be used in water containing Mg, Cl, and Ca salts. [5] By contrast, potassium soaps (derived using KOH) are "soft" soaps. The fatty acid source also affects the soap's melting point.
In 1834, German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge discovered a phenol, also known as carbolic acid, which he derived in an impure form from coal tar.In August 1865, Joseph Lister applied a piece of lint dipped in carbolic acid solution to the wound of an eleven-year-old boy at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, who had sustained a compound fracture after a cart wheel had passed over his leg.
Unilever in Cyprus and Trinidad and Tobago manufactures Red Lifebuoy Soap with a carbolic fragrance, but as of 1976, it no longer contains phenol. [citation needed] The Lifebuoy soap manufactured in India and Indonesia for other markets, including South and South East Asia, has been updated to use red and other colours with 'modern' aromas. [4]
Using the right soap can help your tattoo heal better. Read ahead for the 9 best soaps for tattoos, according to experts. ... Saw it while walking through the store, I have a new tattoo (was about ...
In most cases, hard soaps or products based on them are used for handwashing because they exhibit an alkaline (pH value above 7) nature and can irritate the skin when in contact with mucous membranes. Hard soap has antiseptic qualities and can be used alongside warm water as a household remedy for paronychia. It's also used to shape dreadlocks.
In the United Kingdom, whale oil was used in toolmaking machinery as a high-quality lubricant. [28] After the invention of hydrogenation in the early 20th century, whale oil was used to make margarine, [10] a practice that has since been discontinued. Whale oil in margarine has been replaced by vegetable oil. [29] Whale oil was used to make soap.