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The gallbladder wall is composed of a number of layers. The innermost surface of the gallbladder wall is lined by a single layer of columnar cells with a brush border of microvilli, very similar to intestinal absorptive cells. [2] Underneath the epithelium is an underlying lamina propria, a muscular layer, an outer perimuscular layer and serosa.
The increased pressure in the gallbladder leads to swelling and pain. This pain, known as biliary colic, is sometimes referred to as a gallbladder "attack" because of its sudden onset. During a cholecystectomy, the cystic duct is clipped two or three times and a cut is made between the clips, freeing the gallbladder to be taken out.
The gallbladder is located on the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver. [9] It produces bile, which is used to help process fats in the body. [9] Humans can live without the gallbladder. [10] The largest lymphatic organ is the spleen, which is dark purple and located under the lower ribs, around the left side of the upper abdomen.
The gallbladder is a hollow part of the biliary tract that sits just beneath the liver, with the gallbladder body resting in a small depression. [26] It is a small organ where the bile produced by the liver is stored, before being released into the small intestine. Bile flows from the liver through the bile ducts and
The visceral surface or inferior surface is uneven and concave. It is covered in peritoneum apart from where it attaches the gallbladder and the porta hepatis. [20] The fossa of gallbladder lies to the right of the quadrate lobe, occupied by the gallbladder with its cystic duct close to the right end of porta hepatis.
The anatomy and variant anatomy of this region is important during gallbladder removal to prevent iatrogenic injury to the common hepatic duct, bile duct, or right hepatic artery. [3] The cystic artery lies within the hepatobiliary triangle, which is used to locate it during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Despite the right kidney lying 1 cm lower than the left (right just below and the left just above the plane), [2] to be practical, the surface markings are taken the same way. The hilum of the kidney on the left and right is taken as 5 cm from the vertical midline and is on the transpyloric plane.