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The James–Stein estimator has also found use in fundamental quantum theory, where the estimator has been used to improve the theoretical bounds of the entropic uncertainty principle for more than three measurements. [6] An intuitive derivation and interpretation is given by the Galtonian perspective. [7]
In quantum information theory and operator theory, the Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism refers to the correspondence between quantum channels (described by completely positive maps) and quantum states (described by density matrices), this is introduced by Man-Duen Choi [1] and Andrzej Jamiołkowski. [2]
In quantum information theory, the channel-state duality refers to the correspondence between quantum channels and quantum states (described by density matrices).Phrased differently, the duality is the isomorphism between completely positive maps (channels) from A to C n×n, where A is a C*-algebra and C n×n denotes the n×n complex entries, and positive linear functionals on the tensor product
In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel which can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. An example of quantum information is the general dynamics of a qubit. An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over the Internet.
In quantum computing, the quantum phase estimation algorithm is a quantum algorithm to estimate the phase corresponding to an eigenvalue of a given unitary operator.Because the eigenvalues of a unitary operator always have unit modulus, they are characterized by their phase, and therefore the algorithm can be equivalently described as retrieving either the phase or the eigenvalue itself.
In the theory of quantum communication, an amplitude damping channel is a quantum channel that models physical processes such as spontaneous emission.A natural process by which this channel can occur is a spin chain through which a number of spin states, coupled by a time independent Hamiltonian, can be used to send a quantum state from one location to another.
where = is the reduced Planck constant.. The quintessentially quantum mechanical uncertainty principle comes in many forms other than position–momentum. The energy–time relationship is widely used to relate quantum state lifetime to measured energy widths but its formal derivation is fraught with confusing issues about the nature of time.
Quantum theory may refer to: Science. Quantum mechanics, a major field of physics; Old quantum theory, predating modern quantum mechanics;