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Wood affected by woodworm. Signs of woodworm usually consist of holes in the wooden item, with live infestations showing powder (faeces), known as frass, around the holes.. The size of the holes varies, but they are typically 1 to 1.5 millimetres (5 ⁄ 128 to 1 ⁄ 16 in) in diameter for the most common household species, although they can be much larger in the case of the house longhorn beet
Symptoms are variable and range from stunted growth to curled young leaves. The soft tissue symptoms are more evident in spring and new leaves will reflex towards their own petioles. The affected leaves are brittle and easily fall from the plant. Fully formed leaves will appear to wilt as if the plant were water stressed.
Khapra beetle infestation can spoil otherwise valuable trade goods and threaten significant economic losses if introduced to a new area. Handling or consuming contaminated grain and seed products can lead to health issues such as skin irritation and gastrointestinal distress.
Pages riddled with bookworm damage on Errata Traces of a bookworm in a book A bookworm / beetle grub found inside a paperback book, showing some of the damage it has wrought. Bookworm is a general name for any insect that is said to bore through books. [1] [2]
Slugs will also eat leaves like those on hosta plants. Slugs follow their slime trails back to their homes, so you can find them this way if you want to capture and release the garden pest elsewhere.
The first and most apparent symptoms are of skeletonization. During feeding, elm leaf beetle larvae skeletonize the leaves. They leave the outer edge and veins of the leaf intact, which gives the foliage a net-like appearance. Areas around the feeding site dry up and die, causing the leaf to drop prematurely.
The larvae can cause severe damage and kill the plant by gnawing the plant roots. [5] The cockchafer develops via metamorphosis, in which the beetle undergoes stages of egg, larvae, pupae and adults. The mating behaviour is controlled by pheromones. The males usually swarm during the mating season while the females stay put and feed on leaves. [6]
Leaf spots are visible symptoms of virus infections on plants, and are referred to as systemic symptoms. [7] In systematic virus infections leaf spots caused by viruses show a loss of green colour in leaves, due to chlorosis which is a repression of chlorophyll development. [ 1 ]