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There is a positive relationship between mass at birth and length of gestation in eutherian mammals. [17] Larger mammals are more likely to produce a well-developed neonate than small mammals.
Prolonged labor is the inability of a woman to proceed with childbirth upon going into labor. [1] Prolonged labor typically lasts over 20 hours for first time mothers, and over 14 hours for women that have already had children. [ 1 ]
Mammals during pregnancy can have one or more gestations at the same time, for example in a multiple birth. [2] The time interval of a gestation is called the gestation period. In obstetrics, gestational age refers to the time since the onset of the last menses, which on average is fertilization age plus two weeks. [3]
The postpartum period can be divided into three distinct stages; the initial or acute phase, six to 12 hours after childbirth; subacute postpartum period, which lasts two to six weeks, and the delayed postpartum period, which can last up to six months. In the subacute postpartum period, 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem.
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman's uterus (womb). [4] [13] A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. [14] Pregnancy usually occurs by sexual intercourse, but can also occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. [6]
Cannabis use during pregnancy was unrelated to risk of perinatal death or need for special care, but, the babies of women who used cannabis at least once per week before and throughout pregnancy were 216g lighter than those of non‐users, had significantly shorter birth lengths and smaller head circumferences.
Smaller species normally have a shorter gestation period than larger animals. [2] For example, a cat's gestation normally takes 58–65 days while an elephant's takes nearly 2 years (21 months). [3] However, growth does not necessarily determine the length of gestation for all species, especially for those with a breeding season. Species that ...
Improving nutrition of female, both before and during pregnancy, is important for reducing the risk of obstructive labor. [11] Creating education programs about reproduction and increasing access to reproductive services such as contraception and family planning in developing areas can also reduce the prevalence of obstructed labor.