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It can be caused by a bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis, [17] or may be a complication of a current infectious disease such as syphilis (secondary encephalitis). [ 18 ] Other bacterial pathogens, like Mycoplasma and those causing rickettsial disease , cause inflammation of the meninges and consequently encephalitis.
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), or simply herpes encephalitis, is encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus. It is estimated to affect at least 1 in 500,000 individuals per year, [ 1 ] and some studies suggest an incidence rate of 5.9 cases per 100,000 live births.
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) or sometimes necrotizing encephalitis or infection-induced acute encephalopathy (IIAE) is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection. [4] Most commonly, it develops secondary to infection with influenza A, influenza B, and the human herpes virus 6. ANE can be ...
Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). [4] The disease is most common in Central and Eastern Europe, and Northern Asia. [4] More than 87% of people who receive the vaccine develop immunity. [5] It is not useful following the bite of an infected tick. [4] It is given by injection into a muscle ...
Encephalitis International provides support and information to people affected by encephalitis directly or indirectly, raises awareness of encephalitis, and drives research into the neurological condition by working with a variety of professionals and organisations from health, social care, and education globally.
Herpes meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective tissues surrounding the spinal cord and brain, [1] due to infection from viruses of the Herpesviridae family [2] - the most common amongst adults is HSV-2. [3] Symptoms are self-limiting over 2 weeks [4] with severe headache, nausea, vomiting, neck-stiffness, and photophobia. [5]
The neurological manifestations can be either acute or subacute and usually develop within six weeks. The clinical manifestations include behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, autonomic disturbances, movement disorders, and seizures. [1] Autoimmune encephalitis can result from a number of autoimmune diseases including: Rasmussen encephalitis
For some forms of viral encephalitis, such as Eastern equine encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis, there may be a significant amount of necrosis of nerve cells. Following encephalitis caused by arboviruses, calcification may occur in the CNS, especially among children. Herpes simplex encephalitis tends to produce necrotic lesions in the CNS. [1]