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The fungus forms perennial fruiting bodies that rise as woody-hard, hoof or disc-shaped brackets from the bark of the infested living tree or dead log. The tree species is often willow but it may be commonly found on birch and alder and other broad leafed trees. The top is covered with a dark, often cracked crust, a stem is present only in its ...
The environment and location of the fungus does not differentiate its functionality. Symptoms that appear on willows are commonly seen as galls. M. amygdalinae distorts the blades and veins of willow, causing irregular spots, bearing the orange yellow uredinia, which is the lesion that forms on the leaf surface. Pustules are what the lesion is ...
Melampsora caprearum distorts the blades and veins of willow leaves, causing irregular spots with yellow-orange uredinia (which produce a powdery mass of spores). The rust has been found on eared willow ( Salix aurita ), goat willow ( S. caprea ), grey willow ( S. cinerea ) and their hybrids.
The disease is called glue crust and stems from the pathogen's habit of moving across trees and gluing together twigs and branches that are in contact with each other. Common symptoms are an uneven surface caused by setae (surface hairs) and a grey or brown surface tinted lilac on the tree bark.
The bacterium is known to cause 'watermark disease' in willow (Salix ssp.) trees. Watermark disease affects infected trees by occluding the xylem vessels, impeding circulation. Early signs of the disease are wilting or dried-out, dead leaves on intermittent branches throughout the tree's crown.
Hypoxylon canker of shade trees is an ascomycete fungal disease. [7] [8] The fungal pathogen must take advantage of wounds in the host tree or unhealthy tree tissue to infect and colonize the host, as normal, robust trees are not very susceptible to infection. [7]
Black canker disease is caused by the fungus Glomerella miyabeana. This disease starts as spotting on the leaves of the black willow, where it then spreads to the petiole and eventually the twig or branch holding the leaf. It then forms black patches on the stem of the tree that are capable of expanding.
The disease tends to occur in patches due to a primarily short range spread mechanism. [3] Infected or decayed roots break close to the root collar forming “root balls.” [ 1 ] Laminated root rot is frequently detected during ground survey when canopy openings and standing dead and fallen trees are observed. [ 4 ]