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Birch's Views of Philadelphia, an 1800 portrait The wampum belt given to William Penn by the Indians at the "Great Treaty" under the Shackamaxon elm tree in 1682. William Penn, who had been granted a land charter by King Charles II, arrived in North America in late October 1682.
Wampum beads are typically tubular in shape, often a quarter of an inch long and an eighth of an inch wide. One 17th-century Seneca wampum belt featured beads almost 2.5 inches (65 mm) long. [1] Women artisans traditionally made wampum beads by rounding small pieces of whelk shells, then piercing them with a hole before stringing them.
The Hiawatha Belt, depicting the five original tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy their interconnections. The Hiawatha Belt is a wampum belt that symbolizes peace between the original five nations of the Iroquois. [9] [10] The belt depicts the nations in a specific order from left to right. The Seneca are furthest to the left, representing ...
The wampum belt was a symbol of unity between the five (and later six) tribes for hundreds of years prior to its adaptation for use as a flag. [ 3 ] Purple is considered "the color of the Iroquois", as it is the color derived from the mollusk shells used in making the wampum. [ 2 ]
The law was represented by symbols on wampum belts which functioned as mnemonic devices for storytellers, conceived by Dekanawidah, known as the Great Peacemaker, and his spokesman Hiawatha. The original five member nations ratified this constitution near modern-day Victor, New York , with the sixth nation (the Tuscarora ) being added in 1722.
The Covenant Chain is embodied in the Two Row Wampum of the Iroquois, known as the people of the longhouse - Haudenosaunee. It was based in agreements negotiated between Dutch settlers in New Netherland (present-day New York) and the Five Nations of the Iroquois (or Haudenosaunee) early in the 17th century.