Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Basic structure of a peroxisome Distribution of peroxisomes (white) in HEK 293 cells during mitosis Peroxisome in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte. A peroxisome (/ p ə ˈ r ɒ k s ɪ ˌ s oʊ m /) [1] is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells.
A peroxisome is a type of microbody that functions to help the body break down large molecules and detoxify hazardous substances. It contains enzymes like oxidase, react hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct of its enzymatic reactions. Within the peroxisome, hydrogen peroxide can then be converted to water by enzymes like catalase and peroxidase.
All peroxisomal proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and must be directed to the peroxisome. [2] The first step in this process is the binding of the protein to a receptor. The receptor then directs the complex to the peroxisome. Receptors recognize and bind to a region of the peroxisomal protein called a peroxisomal targeting signal, or PTS.
PPARs were originally identified in Xenopus frogs as receptors that induce the proliferation of peroxisomes in cells in 1992. [7] The first PPAR (PPARα) was discovered in 1990 during the search for a molecular target of a group of agents then referred to as peroxisome proliferators , as they increased peroxisomal numbers in rodent liver tissue ...
The cells of eukaryotic organisms are elaborately subdivided into functionally-distinct membrane-bound compartments. Some major constituents of eukaryotic cells are: extracellular space, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisome, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, nuclear matrix and ribosomes.
Peroxins serve several functions including the recognition of cytoplasmic proteins that contain peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS) that tag them for transport by peroxisomal proteins to the peroxisome.
In eukaryotes, catalase is usually located in a cellular organelle called the peroxisome. [30] Peroxisomes in plant cells are involved in photorespiration (the use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide) and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (the breaking apart of diatomic nitrogen (N 2) to reactive nitrogen atoms). Hydrogen peroxide is used as a ...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ or PPARG), also known as the glitazone reverse insulin resistance receptor, or NR1C3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 3) is a type II nuclear receptor functioning as a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the PPARG gene.