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In gynecology, a rectocele (/ ˈ r ɛ k t ə s iː l / REK-tə-seel) or posterior vaginal wall prolapse results when the rectum bulges into the vagina. [1] Two common causes of this defect are childbirth and hysterectomy. [2] Rectocele also tends to occur with other forms of pelvic organ prolapse, such as enterocele, sigmoidocele and cystocele. [1]
The laparoscopic approach is safer than open surgery, [4] and there is less risk of complications after the procedure. [24] There is also less blood loss, less pain after the procedure, shorter average length of stay in hospital and faster recovery. [8] [24] Rarely, the procedure must be converted into an open abdominal surgery. [7]
When operating a pelvic organ prolapse, introducing a mid-urethral sling during or after surgery seems to reduce stress urinary incontinence. [13] Transvaginal repair seems to be more effective than transanal repair in posterior wall prolapse, but adverse effects cannot be excluded. [14] According to the FDA, serious complications are "not rare ...
A rectocele is a bulge, or herniation, of the front wall of the rectum into the back of the vagina. [16] A cystocele occurs when the wall between the bladder and the vagina weakens. [16] Uterine prolapse. Pelvic floor dysfunction can be assessed with a strong clinical history and physical exam, though imaging is often needed for diagnosis.
Pelvic organ prolapse is often treated with one or more surgeries to repair the vagina. Sometimes a vaginoplasty is needed following the treatment or removal of malignant growths or abscesses to restore a normal vaginal structure and function. Surgery to the vagina is done to correct congenital defects to the vagina, urethra and rectum.
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.
It is the surgical intervention for both cystocele (protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vagina) and rectocele (protrusion of the rectum into the vagina). [citation needed] The repair may be to either or both of the anterior (front) or posterior (rear) vaginal walls, thus the origin of some of its alternative names. [1] [2] [3]
Cul-de-sac hernias are the most difficult to diagnose during physical examination, and to distinguish from anterior rectocele or enterocele. [2] Furthermore, rectocele and cul-de-sac hernia may occur together. [3] Combined vaginal and rectal digital palpation may be used (examiner's thumb in vagina, index finger in anal canal). [11]