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Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B 2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. [3] It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. These coenzymes are involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth and ...
The biochemical source of flavin is the yellow B vitamin riboflavin. The flavin moiety is often attached with an adenosine diphosphate to form flavin adenine dinucleotide ( FAD ), and, in other circumstances, is found as flavin mononucleotide (or FMN ), a phosphorylated form of riboflavin .
It occurs naturally in the plant Adonis vernalis [2] as well as in the cell walls of some Gram-positive bacteria, in the form of ribitol phosphate, in teichoic acids. [3] It also forms part of the chemical structure of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which is a nucleotide coenzyme used by many enzymes, the so-called flavoproteins. [4]
They are distinct from flavanols (with "a") such as catechin, another class of flavonoids, and an unrelated group of metabolically important molecules, the flavins (with "i"), derived from the yellow B vitamin riboflavin. Flavonols are present in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables.
Furthermore, flavonoids can be found in plants in glycoside-bound and free aglycone forms. The glycoside-bound form is the most common flavone and flavonol form consumed in the diet. [1] A biochemical diagram showing the class of flavonoids and their source in nature through various inter-related plant species.
Alfalfa (/ æ l ˈ f æ l f ə /) (Medicago sativa), also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America.
Feijoa sellowiana [2] [3] also known as Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret, [4] is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae.It is native mainly to the highlands of Colombia, southern Brazil and the hills of northeast Uruguay, but it can also be found in eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina.
Adansonia is a genus made up of eight species of medium-to-large deciduous trees known as baobabs (/ ˈ b aʊ b æ b / or / ˈ b eɪ oʊ b æ b /) or adansonias. They are placed in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Bombacoideae. They are native to Madagascar, mainland Africa, and Australia. [2] The trees have also been introduced to other regions ...