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Cardiac catheterization (heart cath) is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart.This is done both for diagnostic and interventional purposes. A common example of cardiac catheterization is coronary catheterization that involves catheterization of the coronary arteries for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarctions ("heart attacks").
A coronary catheterization is a minimally invasive procedure to access the coronary circulation and blood filled chambers of the heart using a catheter. It is performed for both diagnostic and interventional (treatment) purposes. Coronary catheterization is one of the several cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures.
An implanted central venous catheter, also called a port a "cath" or "port-a-cath", is similar to a tunneled catheter, but is left entirely under the skin and is accessible via a port. Medicines are injected through the skin into the catheter. Some implanted ports contain a small reservoir that can be refilled in the same way.
Many procedures can be performed on the heart by catheterization. [2] This most commonly involves the insertion of a sheath into the femoral artery (but, in practice, any large peripheral artery or vein) and cannulating the heart under X-ray visualization (most commonly fluoroscopy).
Central venous catheterization allows for continuous administration of medications, fluids and blood products to a large vein, particularly in critically ill patients. [17] Cardiac catheterization is the insertion of a catheter into one of the chambers of the heart, which is used for imaging, diagnosis, and the placement of devices such as stents.
Transradial access to perform diagnostic cardiac catheterization procedures was introduced by Campeau [5] and was later adapted for therapeutic procedures of coronary angioplasty by Kiemeneij and Laarman. [6] In past few years, transradial access for coronary intervention has become increasingly popular.
Cardiac nursing is a nursing specialty that works with patients who suffer from various conditions of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac nurses help treat conditions such as unstable angina , cardiomyopathy , coronary artery disease , congestive heart failure , myocardial infarction and cardiac dysrhythmia under the direction of a cardiologist.
Infection - infections can occur at the catheter insertion site or in the heart tissue. Patients require additional treatment if infection is a complication. Blood clots - catheterization can cause blood clots to form in the vessels. These clots can be thrombotic, possibly causing embolism in major organs.