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The theory describing its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD); however, the term QFD is rarely used, because the weak force is better understood by electroweak theory (EWT). [1] The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances and is less than the diameter of a proton. [2]
In particle physics, the electroweak interaction or electroweak force is the unified description of two of the fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism (electromagnetic interaction) and the weak interaction. Although these two forces appear very different at everyday low energies, the theory models them as two different aspects of ...
In quantum mechanics, physicists often use the terms "force" and "interaction" interchangeably; for example, the weak interaction is sometimes referred to as the "weak force". According to the present understanding, there are four fundamental interactions or forces: gravitation , electromagnetism, the weak interaction , and the strong interaction.
This table gives the values of the electric charge (the coupling to the photon, referred to in this article as [a]). Also listed are the approximate weak charge (the vector part of the Z boson coupling to fermions), weak isospin (the coupling to the W bosons), weak hypercharge (the coupling to the B boson) and the approximate Z boson coupling factors (and in the "Theoretical" section, below).
Note that we have to redefine a new U(1) symmetry of weak hypercharge, different from QED, in order to achieve the unification with the weak force. The electric charge Q , third component of weak isospin T 3 (also called T z , I 3 or I z ) and weak hypercharge Y W are related by Q = T 3 + 1 2 Y W , {\displaystyle Q=T_{3}+{\tfrac {1}{2}}Y_{\rm ...
As a result of the spontaneous symmetry breaking, the weak force becomes short-range and the W and Z bosons acquire masses of 80.4 and 91.2 GeV/c 2, respectively. Their theory was first given experimental support by the discovery of weak neutral currents in 1973. In 1983, the Z and W bosons were first produced at CERN by Carlo Rubbia's team.