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For example, gentamicin is an antibiotic that can be nephrotoxic (kidney damaging) and ototoxic (hearing damaging); measurement of gentamicin through concentrations in a patient's plasma and calculation of the AUC is used to guide the dosage of this drug. [3] AUC becomes useful for knowing the average concentration over a time interval, AUC/t.
The solution of this differential equation is useful in calculating the concentration after the administration of a single dose of drug via IV bolus injection: = C t is concentration after time t; C 0 is the initial concentration (t=0) K is the elimination rate constant
The dose required should be monitored by blood testing. [5] Gentamicin can cause inner ear problems and kidney problems. [5] The inner ear problems can include problems with balance and hearing loss. [5] These problems may be permanent. [5] If used during pregnancy, it can cause harm to the developing fetus. [5]
In pharmacokinetics, a maintenance dose is the maintenance rate [mg/h] of drug administration equal to the rate of elimination at steady state. This is not to be confused with dose regimen , which is a type of drug therapy in which the dose [mg] of a drug is given at a regular dosing interval on a repetitive basis.
In pharmacology, clearance is a pharmacokinetic parameter representing the efficiency of drug elimination. This is the rate of elimination of a substance divided by its concentration. [1]
It is possible to calculate the amount of a drug in the blood plasma that has a real potential to bring about its effect using the formula: D e = B ⋅ D a {\displaystyle De=B\cdot Da\,} where De is the effective dose , B bioavailability and Da the administered dose.
In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose. [1] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life.
The accumulation ratio of a specific drug in humans is determined by clinical studies.According to a 2013 analysis, such studies are typically done with 10 to 20 subjects who are given one single dose followed by a washout phase of seven days (), and then seven to 14 repeated doses to reach steady state conditions.