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The Penrose process (also called Penrose mechanism) is theorised by Sir Roger Penrose as a means whereby energy can be extracted from a rotating black hole. [1] [2] [3] The process takes advantage of the ergosphere – a region of spacetime around the black hole dragged by its rotation faster than the speed of light, meaning that from the point of view of an outside observer any matter inside ...
Penrose diagram of an infinite Minkowski universe, horizontal axis u, vertical axis v. In theoretical physics, a Penrose diagram (named after mathematical physicist Roger Penrose) is a two-dimensional diagram capturing the causal relations between different points in spacetime through a conformal treatment of infinity.
The Penrose theorem guarantees that some sort of geodesic incompleteness occurs inside any black hole whenever matter satisfies reasonable energy conditions. The energy condition required for the black-hole singularity theorem is weak: it says that light rays are always focused together by gravity, never drawn apart, and this holds whenever the ...
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In particular, categorical quantum mechanics (which includes ZX-calculus) is a fully comprehensive reformulation of quantum theory in terms of Penrose diagrams. The notation has been studied extensively by Predrag Cvitanović, who used it, along with Feynman's diagrams and other related notations in developing "birdtracks", a group-theoretical ...
Roger Penrose defined the notion of closed trapped surfaces in 1965. [2] A trapped surface is one where light is not moving away from the black hole. The boundary of the union of all trapped surfaces around a black hole is called an apparent horizon. A related term trapped null surface is often used interchangeably.
Both the Bray and Huisken–Ilmanen proofs of the Riemannian Penrose inequality state that under the hypotheses, if m = A 16 π , {\displaystyle m={\sqrt {\frac {A}{16\pi }}},} then the manifold in question is isometric to a slice of the Schwarzschild spacetime outside its outermost minimal surface, which is a sphere of Schwarzschild radius .
The Penrose diagram showing the possible degenerations of the Petrov type of the Weyl tensor. Type I: four simple principal null directions, Type II: one double and two simple principal null directions, Type D: two double principal null directions, Type III: one triple and one simple principal null direction,