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In geometry, a set of points in space are coplanar if there exists a geometric plane that contains them all. For example, three points are always coplanar, and if the points are distinct and non-collinear, the plane they determine is unique. However, a set of four or more distinct points will, in general, not lie in a single plane.
Two variables are perfectly collinear if there is an exact linear relationship between the two, so the correlation between them is equal to 1 or −1. That is, X 1 and X 2 are perfectly collinear if there exist parameters λ 0 {\displaystyle \lambda _{0}} and λ 1 {\displaystyle \lambda _{1}} such that, for all observations i , we have
A permutation of the Fano plane's seven points that carries collinear points (points on the same line) to collinear points is called a collineation of the plane. The full collineation group is of order 168 and is isomorphic to the group PSL(2,7) ≈ PSL(3,2), which in this special case is also isomorphic to the general linear group GL(3,2) ≈ ...
On the other hand, four distinct points can either be collinear, coplanar, or determine the entire space. Two distinct lines can either intersect, be parallel or be skew . Two parallel lines, or two intersecting lines , lie in a unique plane, so skew lines are lines that do not meet and do not lie in a common plane.
A triangle is given by three non-collinear points (called vertices) and their three segments AB, BC, and CA. If three points A, B, and C are non-collinear, then a plane ABC is the set of all points collinear with pairs of points on one or two of the sides of triangle ABC.
Points that are incident with the same line are said to be collinear. The set of all points incident with the same line is called a range. If P 1 = (x 1, y 1, z 1), P 2 = (x 2, y 2, z 2), and P 3 = (x 3, y 3, z 3), then these points are collinear if and only if
the points AB ∩ ab, AC ∩ ac and BC ∩ bc are collinear. The points A, B, a and b are coplanar (lie in the same plane) because of the assumed concurrency of Aa and Bb. Therefore, the lines AB and ab belong to the same plane and must intersect. Further, if the two triangles lie on different planes, then the point AB ∩ ab belongs to both ...
The binary relation between parallel lines is evidently a symmetric relation. According to Euclid's tenets, parallelism is not a reflexive relation and thus fails to be an equivalence relation. Nevertheless, in affine geometry a pencil of parallel lines is taken as an equivalence class in the set of lines where parallelism is an equivalence ...