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The smallest species is the mangrove horseshoe crab (C. rotundicauda) and the largest is the tri-spine horseshoe crab (T. tridentatus). [ 44 ] On average, males of C. rotundicauda are about 30 centimeters (12 inches) long, including a telson that is about 15 cm (6 in), and a carapace about 15 cm (6 in) wide. [ 45 ]
The largest females of the tri-spine horseshoe crab can be as much as 79.5 cm (31.3 in) long, including their tail. [9] On average in Sabah , Malaysia, females are about 66.5 cm (26.2 in) long, including a tail that is about 34.5 cm (13.6 in), and their carapace (prosoma) is about 31 cm (12 in) wide.
The claws are smooth, purplish gray, with a single row of nodules along the outer edge, and blunt claw tips. The legs are covered with numerous short spines and nodules. It is the largest native crab species of the Atlantic. It can reach up to 3 kg of weight and a carapace length of 18 cm. [3] Dorsal and ventral views of two different sized males
A large crab with 15–20 cm of maximum length. Greyish green carapace is very broad and characterized by 3 red spots in posterior half. A strong spine can be seen on each side. Swimming legs are flattened and claws are long. [4]
Tachypleus gigas inhabits seagrass meadows, [16] sandy and muddy shores [10] at depths to 40 m (130 ft); [2] it is the only horseshoe crab to have been observed swimming at the surface of the ocean. [17] It occurs in both marine and brackish waters in salinities down to 15 PSU, but their eggs only hatch above 20 PSU. [15]
Own work by uploader (referenced public domain image File:LA2-NSRW-1-0548.jpg from s:The New Student's Reference Work, 1914) Author: Christopher Thomas: Other versions: Derivative works of this file: Crab tagged.png. Numbered version
The intestine terminates in a sclerotised rectum, which opens just in front of the base of the caudal spine. [ 10 ] Xiphosurans have well-developed circulatory systems, with numerous arteries that send blood from the long tubular heart to the body tissues, and then to two longitudinal sinuses next to the gills.
The genus Zoea was initially described by Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc in 1802 for an animal now known to be the larva of a crab. [1] The zoea stage (plural: zoeas or zoeae), only found in members of Malacostraca, [5] is characterised by the use of the thoracic appendages for swimming and a large dorsal spine. [5]