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For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3. Here [Ne] refers to the core electrons which are the same as for the element neon (Ne), the last noble gas before phosphorus in the periodic table. The valence electrons (here 3s 2 3p 3) are written explicitly for all atoms.
The +2 state has a valence electron configuration of 4f 14 because the fully filled f-shell gives more stability. The yellow-green ytterbium(II) ion is a very strong reducing agent and decomposes water, releasing hydrogen , and thus only the colorless ytterbium(III) ion occurs in aqueous solution .
Noble gas configuration is the electron configuration of noble gases. The basis of all chemical reactions is the tendency of chemical elements to acquire stability . Main-group atoms generally obey the octet rule , while transition metals generally obey the 18-electron rule .
Bracketed noble gas symbols on the left represent inner configurations that are the same in each period. Written out, these are: He, 2, helium : 1s 2 Ne, 10, neon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 Ar, 18, argon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 Kr, 36, krypton : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 Xe, 54, xenon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 2 4d ...
To do this, the nearest noble gas that precedes the element in question is written first, and then the electron configuration is continued from that point forward. For example, the electron notation of phosphorus is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 3, while the noble gas notation is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3.
This page provides supplementary data about the noble ... gas at 0 °C and 1 atm (g/dm³) [2] 0.1786: 0.9002: 1.7818 ... Outer shell electron configuration [12] 1s 2 ...
The first published report, in June 1962, of a noble gas compound was by Neil Bartlett, who noticed that the highly oxidising compound platinum hexafluoride ionised O 2 to O + 2. As the ionisation energy of O 2 to O + 2 (1165 kJ mol −1 ) is nearly equal to the ionisation energy of Xe to Xe + (1170 kJ mol −1 ), he tried the reaction of Xe ...
The noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) were previously known as 'inert gases' because of their perceived lack of participation in any chemical reactions. The reason for this is that their outermost electron shells (valence shells) are completely filled, so that they have little tendency to gain or lose electrons.