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Heinz von Foerster argued that humanity's abilities to construct societies, civilizations and technologies do not result in self-inhibition. Rather, societies' success varies directly with population size. Von Foerster found that this model fits some 25 data points from the birth of Jesus to 1958, with only 7% of the variance left
The McKendrick–von Foerster equation is a linear first-order partial differential equation encountered in several areas of mathematical biology – for example, demography [1] and cell proliferation modeling; it is applied when age structure is an important feature in the mathematical model. [2]
Heinz von Foerster (né von Förster; November 13, 1911 – October 2, 2002) was an Austrian-American scientist combining physics and philosophy, and widely attributed as the originator of second-order cybernetics.
— Heinz von Foerster, Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics ... AI has the capacity to model interdependencies, uncovering patterns that reveal systemic alignments. For example, in healthcare, AI ...
Second-order cybernetics is closely identified with Heinz von Foerster and the work of the Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign. Foerster attributes the origin of second-order cybernetics to the attempts by cyberneticians to construct a model of the mind:
Heinz von Foerster proposed Redundancy, R = 1 − H/H max, where H is entropy. [21] [22] In essence this states that unused potential communication bandwidth is a measure of self-organization. In the 1970s Stafford Beer considered this condition as necessary for autonomy which identifies self-organization in persisting and living systems.
The simplest example of singularities are curves that cross themselves. But there are other types of singularities, like cusps. For example, the equation y 2 − x 3 = 0 defines a curve that has a cusp at the origin x = y = 0. One could define the x-axis as a tangent at this point, but this definition can not be the same as the definition at ...
The self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal is an objection to the doomsday argument (that there is only a 5% chance of more than twenty times the historic number of humans ever being born) by arguing that the chance of being born is not one, but is an increasing function of the number of people who will be born.