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Another common case where cat is unnecessary is where a command defaults to operating on stdin, but will read from a file, if the filename is given as an argument. This is the case for many common commands; the following examples cat file | grep pattern cat file | less can instead be written as grep pattern file less file
The pcregrep command is an implementation of grep that uses Perl regular expression syntax. [17] Similar functionality can be invoked in the GNU version of grep with the -P flag. [18] Ports of grep (within Cygwin and GnuWin32, for example) also run under Microsoft Windows. Some versions of Windows feature the similar qgrep or findstr command. [19]
xargs (short for "extended arguments") [1] is a command on Unix and most Unix-like operating systems used to build and execute commands from standard input.It converts input from standard input into arguments to a command.
Utilities listed in POSIX.1-2017. This is a list of POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2024, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS).
Common Unix filter programs are: cat, cut, grep, head, sort, tail, and uniq. Programs like awk and sed can be used to build quite complex filters because they are fully programmable. Unix filters can also be used by Data scientists to get a quick overview about a file based dataset. [2]
For example, the following Perl one-liner will reverse all the bytes in a file: perl -0777e 'print scalar reverse <>' filename While most Perl one-liners are imperative, Perl's support for anonymous functions, closures, map, filter (grep) and fold (List::Util::reduce) allows the creation of 'functional' one-liners.
In Unix-like operating systems, find is a command-line utility that locates files based on some user-specified criteria and either prints the pathname of each matched object or, if another action is requested, performs that action on each matched object.
netcat (often abbreviated to nc) is a computer networking utility for reading from and writing to network connections using TCP or UDP.The command is designed to be a dependable back-end that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts.