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Splanchnic organs - including the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, spleen, liver, [2] and may also include the kidney. [3] Splanchnic nerves; Splanchnic mesoderm; Splanchnic circulation – the circulation of the gastrointestinal tract originating at the celiac trunk, the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior ...
Every day, seven liters of fluid are secreted by the digestive system. This fluid is composed of four primary components: ions, digestive enzymes, mucus, and bile. About half of these fluids are secreted by the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver, which compose the accessory organs and glands of the digestive system.
Pulmonary (lung) circulation undergoes hypoxic vasoconstriction, which is a unique mechanism of local regulation in that the blood vessels in this organ react to hypoxemia, or low levels of dissolved oxygen in blood, in the opposite way as the rest of the body. While tissues and organs tend to increase blood flow by vasodilating in response to ...
Pre-/postsynaptic [2] autonomic system [2] Origin [2] Targets [2] Cardiopulmonary nerves: Postsynaptic: sympathetic: cervical and upper thoracic ganglia: Thoracic cavity: Thoracic splanchnic nerves: generally: Presynaptic: lower thoracic ganglia: Prevertebral ganglia: Greater splanchnic nerve: T5–T9 or T10: Celiac ganglia: Lesser splanchnic ...
Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. [3] [4] Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5–9 mmHg; clinically significant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures greater than 10 mmHg. [5]
This accomplishes two things. First, possible toxins that may be ingested can be detoxified by the hepatocytes before they are released into the systemic circulation. Second, the liver is the first organ to absorb nutrients just taken in by the intestines. After draining into the liver sinusoids, blood from the liver is drained by the hepatic vein.
[2] [3] The benefit of first-pass metabolism, whereby substances absorbed from food in the gut pass through the liver before entering the systemic circulation, is to use the liver as a shield (a first line of defense) between (a) the food, its toxins (whatever they may be), and its metabolic intermediates/ metabolites (such as ammonia) and (b ...
The lesser splanchnic nerve travels inferiorly, lateral to the greater splanchnic nerve. Its fibers synapse with their postganglionic counterparts in the superior mesenteric ganglion, or in the aorticorenal ganglion. [4] The lesser splanchnic nerve modulates the activity of the enteric nervous system of the midgut. Least splanchnic nerve [1] [2 ...
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