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Helianthus (/ ˌ h iː l i ˈ æ n θ ə s /) [3] is a genus comprising around 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae commonly known as sunflowers. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Except for three South American species, the species of Helianthus are native to North America and Central America .
The succulent leaves of the sunflower stores water in absorbent, spongy portions of the leaves. Helianthus anomalus also has large seeds and rapid root growth, which contribute to its ability to survive in its extreme environment. [3] It is believed that large seeds are adaptive to dune plants because the large seed size prevents burial by the ...
The plant has an erect rough-hairy stem, reaching typical heights of 3 metres (10 feet). The tallest sunflower on record achieved 9.17 m (30 ft 1 in). [3] Sunflower leaves are broad, coarsely toothed, rough and mostly alternate; those near the bottom are largest and commonly heart-shaped.
Commercially important plants in the Heliantheae include sunflower and Jerusalem artichoke. Many garden flowers are also in this group, such as Coreopsis, Cosmos, Echinacea, Rudbeckia, and Zinnia. Some authors separate Coreopsis and Cosmos into the Coreopsideae tribe. [1] In contrast to the benefits brought by the group, some are problematic weeds.
Various folk cultures and traditions assign symbolic meanings to plants. Although these are no longer commonly understood by populations that are increasingly divorced from their rural traditions, some meanings survive. In addition, these meanings are alluded to in older pictures, songs and writings.
The Asteraceae were first described in the year 1740 and given the original name Compositae. [6] The family is commonly known as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family. Most species of Asteraceae are herbaceous plants, and may be annual, biennial, or perennial, but there are also shrubs, vines, and trees.
It is a perennial herbaceous plant up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. The leaves are mostly along the stem rather than crowded near the base, each egg-shaped with teeth along the edges. One plant produces 1-15 flower heads containing 17-22 yellow ray florets surrounding 75 or more yellow disc florets. [5]
The genus Helichrysum / h ɛ l ɪ ˈ k r aɪ s əm / consists of an estimated 600 species of flowering plants in the sunflower family ().The type species is Helichrysum orientale.They often go by the names everlasting, immortelle, and strawflower.